In a small bowl or mortar and pestle, mash the garlic and anchovies into a smooth paste.
Whisk in the egg yolk, lemon juice, and Dijon mustard until well combined.
Slowly drizzle in the olive oil while whisking constantly to create a stable emulsion.
Stir in half of the grated Parmesan cheese and season with salt and pepper.
Place the sliced kale in a large mixing bowl and drizzle with two tablespoons of the dressing.
Massage the kale leaves with clean hands for 2-3 minutes until they become dark green and tender.
Add the remaining dressing, croutons, and the rest of the Parmesan cheese.
Toss thoroughly to coat and serve immediately.