Heat the olive oil in a large heavy-bottomed pot or Dutch oven over medium heat.
Add the diced onion, carrots, and celery to the pot and cook until softened and translucent, approximately 8 to 10 minutes.
Stir in the minced garlic and cook for 1 minute until fragrant.
Add the tomato paste and stir constantly for 2 minutes to develop a deep red color and concentrated flavor.
Pour in the red wine to deglaze the pan, scraping up any browned bits from the bottom.
Add the rinsed lentils, crushed tomatoes, vegetable broth, oregano, basil, and bay leaf.
Bring the mixture to a gentle boil, then reduce the heat to low.
Simmer partially covered for 35 to 45 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the lentils are tender and the sauce has thickened to the desired consistency.
Remove the bay leaf and season with salt and pepper to taste before serving over pasta.