Heat olive oil in a large heavy-bottomed pot over medium heat.
Add the diced onion and sauté until translucent, approximately 5 to 7 minutes.
Stir in the minced garlic and cook for 1 minute until fragrant.
Add the ground cumin and dried oregano, stirring constantly for 30 seconds to toast the spices.
Pour in the chopped green chiles and vegetable broth, bringing the mixture to a boil.
Reduce the heat to low and simmer uncovered for 20 minutes to allow flavors to meld.
Stir in the white beans and continue to simmer for another 15 minutes.
Add the lime juice and chopped cilantro, then season with salt and pepper to taste.
Serve hot with optional garnishes like avocado or sour cream.